Not sure to be honest, although I imagine that the petro industry qualifies it.
I know that South Africa is the only 'first world ' nation in Africa. In 2019 I think that I remember that about 10% more people died from criminality in SA than died from the Syrian civil war. 22k v 20k. Worth checking anyhow.
It's a very open question.
I did some quite extensive data analysis on South African crime rates a few years ago as part of a wider research project into violent crime in South Africa
Generally accepted reasons for the high violent crime rates include:
A failed policing criminal justice system that is under equipped, ineffective, inefficient, highly politicised and corrupt.
Massively unequal wealth distribution.
Zero prospects for advancement for a large percentage of the population.
Disadvantaged young people being drawn into violent crime through a normalisation of violence, the growth of violent subcultures, poor parenting, poverty etc.
Brutalisation of young people growing up in poverty, resulting in the above mentioned normalisation of violence.
Large numbers of guns being readily available, often having been sold to gangs by police officers on an almost industrial scale; for example, Colonel Christiaan Prinsloo was convicted in 2016 of selling more than 2000 guns to criminal gangs.
As well educated and skilled South Africans, predominantly white, leave the country in ever increasing numbers, with most giving the level of violent crime as their main motivation for doing so, it is unlikely that the situation is going to improve as their departure is negatively impacting business and the economy, leading to further reductions in opportunities for the underprivileged.
As with the USA, it does look like South Africa may be well and truly fucked when it comes to violent crime and, in particular, murder.
