Using wood to fuel a fire
Different materials burn differently, species of tree are exception. A summery can be found on the woodlands ways blog.
https://blog.woodland-ways.co.uk/fire/which-wood-for-my-fire/
The most common in the UK are probably:
Oak. Dense, excellent fuel long burning.
Pine. This will spit and pop, this was used as a substitute light source historically. Especially the knots. Fatwood can be gathered too.
Birch. Very available and the bark can be used as tinder.
The Larch.
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The other major factor that is often referred to when using wood is “seasoning”. I’m not taking salt and pepper but drying timber to reduce the amount of water in it. This process can take months to years.
If you are back packing or travelling on foot the best you can do is to gather fallen timber. In the winter it may be dryer if sheltered, in the summer exposed or windward wood is probably better.
Green, wetter wood will be harder to light and produce more smoke. Stripping leaves (and sometimes bark can help). Green wood can also be more difficult to cut or split too.
Cooking fires
The most common open cooking fires are “platform” type fire lays.
This is a layer of relatively large pieces of wood laid close side by side the a layer of smaller material at right angles. Repeat until kindling is at the top.
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Fire holes are a sometimes used as a “stealth fire.
Long fires and star fires are long burning for overnight heat and light.
A Teepee is the chassis bonfire for social occasions. It’s therefore good for cooking hedgehogs… I mean jacket potatoes.
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Po-Ta-Toes!
Open wood fires require more work to gather enough fuel, light and maintain. They take time to get to optimal burning condition and to keep going. When you put out a wood fire it is important to damp it down and take out the coals as they can reignite themselves later.
Open fires have pro’s and cons over stoves and more technological cooking systems.
• Heat and light. Can be varied by fire construction and fuel.
• Smoke. Depends on wood and how dry it is.
• Ash and hot coals. Some fuels will produce more.
They less obvious uses of a fire by products:
Smoke for signalling, insect repellant (and certain food preservation).
Ash for cleaning pots.
Coals for cooking and heating stones for baking or heating water in non-metal containers.